Improve HTTP response handling and retry logic

[MichaelGHSeg]

Summary

Implements improved HTTP response handling and retry logic to align with changes in analytics-java and analytics-next:

• ✅ Add Authorization header (Basic auth with write key, OAuth Bearer token)
• ✅ Add X-Retry-Count header on all requests (starts at 0)
• ✅ Implement Retry-After header support (capped at 300s, doesn't count against retry budget)
• ✅ Granular status code classification for retryable vs non-retryable errors
• ✅ Replace backoff decorator with custom retry loop for better control
• ✅ Exponential backoff with jitter (0.5s base, 60s cap)
• ✅ Increase max retries from 10 to 1000 (to accommodate faster retry cadence)
• ✅ Clear OAuth token on 511 Network Authentication Required
• ✅ 413 Payload Too Large is non-retryable

Status Code Handling

Retryable 4xx: 408, 410, 429, 460
Non-retryable 4xx: 400, 401, 403, 404, 413, 422, and all other 4xx
Retryable 5xx: All except 501, 505
Non-retryable 5xx: 501, 505

Retry-After Behavior

• Respected for status codes: 408, 429, 503
• Retry-After attempts do NOT count against backoff retry budget
• Capped at 300 seconds maximum delay

Test Coverage

• Added 30 new comprehensive tests
• Total test suite: 106 tests passing ✓
• Tests cover: Authorization headers, X-Retry-Count, Retry-After parsing, status code classification, backoff logic, network errors, retry budget separation

Changes

Modified Files

• segment/analytics/consumer.py: Custom retry loop, status code classification, Retry-After support
• segment/analytics/request.py: Authorization header, X-Retry-Count header, parse_retry_after()
• segment/analytics/client.py: Increased default max_retries to 1000
• segment/analytics/test/test_consumer.py: 13 new test cases
• segment/analytics/test/test_request.py: 17 new test cases

Alignment

This implementation aligns with:

• analytics-java commit c3f60c5 and 80cc33d
• analytics-next commit 31e275d2

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