refactor: enhance CI workflow with C++ linting and coverage checks

[VPRamon]

This pull request updates the GitHub Actions CI workflow to add automated C++ linting and code coverage reporting. These enhancements ensure code quality and provide visibility into test coverage directly in pull requests.

CI workflow improvements:

• C++ Linting:

  • Added a new lint-cpp job that runs clang-format and clang-tidy on all C++ source and header files to enforce code style and catch potential issues early.

• Coverage Reporting:

  • Introduced a coverage job that builds the project with coverage flags, runs tests, generates Cobertura XML and HTML coverage reports, and summarizes the results in Markdown.
  • The coverage summary is posted as a comment on pull requests and uploaded as an artifact for further inspection.

Permissions:

• Updated workflow permissions to allow writing to checks and pull-requests, enabling posting of coverage comments.

[github-actions]

Package	Line Rate	Branch Rate	Complexity	Health
include.siderust	87%	43%	0	✔
include.siderust.coordinates	100%	50%	0	✔
Summary	90% (228 / 254)	44% (133 / 302)	0	✔